NATIONAL GUIDE FOR USE OFDIGITAL X-RAY WITH AIIN CAMP SETTINGS

Nepal is making significant strides in public health innovation, particularly in combating tuberculosis (TB). The Ministry of Health and Population, through the National Tuberculosis Control Centre (NTCC), has introduced a groundbreaking “National Guide for Use of Digital X-Ray with AI in Camp Settings”. This comprehensive guide highlights how artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced digital chest X-ray technology can revolutionize active case finding (ACF) initiatives, especially in remote and underserved communities.

Key Highlights and Features:

1. Target Users and Beneficiaries This guide is tailored for health workers, social mobilizers, officers, implementers, and planners involved in TB ACF activities. It targets populations at higher risk, including those in congregate settings, remote areas, and indigenous communities facing barriers to healthcare.

2. AI Integration in Digital Chest X-Ray (CXR) Employing the CAD4TB (Computer-Aided Detection for Tuberculosis) AI system, the guide outlines a streamlined approach for rapid and accurate TB screening. CAD4TB evaluates chest X-ray images using sophisticated deep learning algorithms, producing scores indicative of TB likelihood and visual heatmaps highlighting potential lesions.

3. Methodological Approach The guide emphasizes vulnerability mapping, community mobilization, symptom interviews, on-site digital X-rays, and immediate interpretation using AI. Suspicious cases prompt sputum collection, further molecular testing, and swift referrals to DOTS centers for treatment.

4. Ensuring Radiation and Infection Safety Detailed protocols ensure safety for both health workers and participants, including the use of lead protectors, maintaining safe distances, and strict hygiene measures. Pregnant women and young children under five are appropriately excluded.

5. Comprehensive Training and Data Management The Delft Light & CAD4TB eLearning platform provides extensive training resources for healthcare professionals, promoting consistent skill development and knowledge retention. Additionally, robust data management protocols facilitate accurate, real-time tracking and reporting.

6. Reporting and Follow-Up Procedures The guide includes clear processes for recording patient details and reporting through designated Health Management Information Systems (HMIS) and the National Tuberculosis Program Management Information System (NTPMIS).

Why this Matters:

Integrating AI-powered digital X-rays in TB screening significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy, reduces diagnosis time, and optimizes resource allocation. This approach not only improves health outcomes but also contributes to Nepal’s broader public health strategy by targeting the most vulnerable and hard-to-reach populations.