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Research methods & practice

Public Health Research

Research methods for understanding health-service gaps and translating evidence into routine practice. Explore implementation research through ten editorial guides adapted from uploaded WHO/TDR learning modules.

10 learning guides4 module groupsIndependent PHC-Nepal summaries

Implementation Research

Identify implementation problems, develop and specify delivery strategies, then evaluate what changes in real settings.

Explore Implementation Research

Learning guides

10 of 10 guides
Module 1 6 min

What Is Implementation Research? Concepts, Scope and Three Core Phases

Understand implementation research, how it differs from intervention and health systems research, and how teams define problems, design strategies and test delivery in real settings.

Read guide
Module 2 5 min

Context and Settings in Implementation Research: Why Local Conditions Matter

Map inner and outer settings, stakeholders and delivery processes to identify implementation research needs without mistaking historical programme targets for current guidance.

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Module 2 6 min

Implementation Research Needs Assessment: Data Sources and Practical Methods

Use routine records, surveys, interviews and observation to identify service-delivery bottlenecks, triangulate evidence and protect confidentiality in implementation research.

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Module 2 5 min

How to Formulate Implementation Research Questions from Programme Gaps

Convert coverage gaps, stock-outs and supervision findings into focused implementation research questions with a defined setting, strategy, outcome and feasible scope.

Read guide
Module 2 5 min

Implementation Research Case Studies: Community Delivery, Access and Policy Constraints

Learn from historical community-directed intervention cases and assess transferability, delivery safeguards, policy constraints and sustainable implementation in new settings.

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Module 3 6 min

Implementation Strategies: Types, Actors and Seven Reporting Dimensions

Distinguish single-component and multifaceted implementation strategies and specify actors, actions, targets, timing, dose, outcomes and justification for reproducible research.

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Module 3 6 min

Selecting Implementation Strategies: Barriers, Facilitators and Justification

Identify determinants of practice, match strategies to local barriers and justify choices with theory, empirical evidence and pragmatic constraints before implementation.

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Module 3 6 min

Implementation Research Study Design: PICO, Mixed Methods and Comparison Groups

Choose implementation research designs from the question: PICO, qualitative and quantitative methods, cluster trials, before-and-after studies and interrupted time series.

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Module 3 5 min

Bed-Net Delivery in Mozambique: An Implementation Research Case Study

Explore a historical Mozambique bed-net delivery case: household registration, allocation rules, queues and evaluation of a community-based implementation strategy.

Read guide
Module 4 6 min

Implementation Research Outcomes: Efficacy, Effectiveness and Delivery Success

Distinguish intervention efficacy, real-world effectiveness and implementation effectiveness, and define acceptability, adoption, fidelity, cost, reach and sustainability measures.

Read guide
Source context: These independent summaries cover the ten supplied chapters, not a complete WHO course. Foundational references date mainly to 2011–2014. Historical case studies are not current Nepal statistics, prescribing guidance or evidence of WHO endorsement. Each guide includes its source filename, limitations and references.