Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): The Silent Pandemic Explained
In short: Antimicrobial resistance happens when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites stop responding to medicines. Bacterial AMR was directly responsible for an estimated 1.27 million deaths in 2019.
How resistance develops
Microbes evolve naturally, but overuse and misuse of antibiotics — in people, animals and agriculture — speed up resistance. Over-the-counter sales without prescription, incomplete courses and poor infection control all contribute.
The burden
A 2022 study in The Lancet estimated 1.27 million deaths directly caused by bacterial AMR in 2019 and nearly 5 million associated deaths. South Asia carries a heavy burden.
Global and national action
WHO's Global Action Plan on AMR (2015) asks countries to improve awareness, surveillance, infection prevention, rational use and research. Nepal has a national AMR action plan and participates in WHO's GLASS surveillance system.
What you can do
Use antibiotics only when prescribed by a qualified health worker, never share leftovers, keep vaccinations up to date, wash hands, and practise safe food handling. Health workers should follow antibiotic stewardship guidelines.
Key takeaways
- AMR caused about 1.27 million direct deaths in 2019.
- Antibiotic misuse in people and animals drives resistance.
- World AMR Awareness Week is 18–24 November.
Common questions
Is AMR only about antibiotics?
No, it includes resistance to antivirals, antifungals and antiparasitics too.
Can antibiotics be bought without prescription in Nepal?
Regulations require prescriptions, but enforcement gaps remain; always consult a health worker.
References
Educational content by PHC-Nepal. It does not replace advice from a qualified health professional.