Public Health Guides
Modern Challenges
Today's threats and the future of public health.
One Health: Linking Human, Animal and Environmental Health
One Health recognises that the health of people, animals and ecosystems is connected. About 60% of known infectious diseases and around three-quarters of emerging ones come from animals.
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): The Silent Pandemic Explained
Antimicrobial resistance happens when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites stop responding to medicines. Bacterial AMR was directly responsible for an estimated 1.27 million deaths in 2019.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Timeline and Lessons for Public Health
COVID-19 was declared a PHEIC in January 2020 and a pandemic in March 2020, and the emergency ended in May 2023. It exposed gaps in preparedness, equity and trust — and showed the power of science and community action.
Climate Change and Health: Heat, Dengue, Floods and Air Pollution
WHO calls climate change the single biggest health threat facing humanity. Rising temperatures, extreme weather, vector shifts and air pollution already affect health in Nepal and worldwide.
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): The Leading Cause of Death Today
Non-communicable diseases — heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung disease — cause about 74% of deaths worldwide and around two-thirds of deaths in Nepal. Most are linked to five modifiable risk factors.
Mental Health as a Public Health Priority: Burden, Stigma and Solutions
Nearly 1 in 8 people worldwide live with a mental disorder, yet most receive no care. Integrating mental health into primary care and fighting stigma are key public health responses.
Digital Health and AI in Public Health: Opportunities and Risks
Digital tools — electronic records, DHIS2, telemedicine, mobile health and AI — are reshaping surveillance and care. They improve speed and reach but raise questions of privacy, equity and accuracy.
The Future of Public Health: Trends Shaping 2030 and Beyond
Ageing populations, climate change, pandemics, AMR, digital tools and rising inequality will define public health beyond 2030. Strong primary care, data and trusted communities remain the foundation.
Educational content by PHC-Nepal. It does not replace professional medical advice. Figures are drawn from the cited organisations and may be updated over time.