Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): The Leading Cause of Death Today
In short: Non-communicable diseases — heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung disease — cause about 74% of deaths worldwide and around two-thirds of deaths in Nepal. Most are linked to five modifiable risk factors.
The epidemiological transition
As infections decline and populations age, the main burden shifts to chronic diseases. Nepal is in the middle of this transition, facing a 'double burden' of infectious and chronic disease.
Five key risk factors
Tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, unhealthy diet (especially high salt), physical inactivity and air pollution drive most NCDs. Nepal's STEPS surveys show high rates of raised blood pressure, smoking and low fruit and vegetable intake.
Global commitments
The 2011 UN Political Declaration on NCDs and SDG target 3.4 call for a one-third reduction in premature NCD mortality by 2030. WHO 'best buys' include tobacco taxes, salt reduction and hypertension treatment.
In primary care
Nepal's PEN package equips health posts to screen and manage hypertension, diabetes, COPD and to counsel on risk factors. Regular blood-pressure checks after age 30 are one of the simplest life-saving actions.
Key takeaways
- NCDs cause about 74% of global deaths.
- Five modifiable risk factors drive most NCDs.
- SDG 3.4 targets a one-third cut in premature NCD deaths.
Common questions
What is a normal blood pressure?
Below 120/80 mmHg is generally considered normal; 140/90 or higher on repeated readings is hypertension.
Can NCDs be prevented?
Many can, by avoiding tobacco, limiting alcohol and salt, staying active and controlling blood pressure and sugar.
References
Educational content by PHC-Nepal. It does not replace advice from a qualified health professional.