Digital Health and AI in Public Health: Opportunities and Risks
In short: Digital tools — electronic records, DHIS2, telemedicine, mobile health and AI — are reshaping surveillance and care. They improve speed and reach but raise questions of privacy, equity and accuracy.
Data systems
Nepal reports routine health data through HMIS on the DHIS2 platform and outbreak signals through EWARS. Electronic health records and digital logistics systems are expanding in hospitals and health posts.
Telemedicine and mHealth
Telemedicine connects remote health posts with specialists, and SMS or app-based tools remind mothers of antenatal and immunisation visits. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated adoption.
Artificial intelligence
AI can read chest X-rays for TB, forecast outbreaks and summarise evidence. WHO's 2021 guidance on the ethics of AI for health stresses transparency, human oversight, data protection and inclusiveness. AI should support, not replace, professional judgement.
Key takeaways
- DHIS2 and EWARS are the backbone of Nepal's health data.
- Telemedicine extends specialist care to remote areas.
- AI in health needs strong ethics and human oversight.
Common questions
Can AI diagnose disease?
Some tools assist diagnosis, but final decisions must remain with qualified health workers.
Does Nepal have a digital health strategy?
Yes, the Nepal e-Health Strategy and subsequent digital health roadmaps guide this area.
References
Educational content by PHC-Nepal. It does not replace advice from a qualified health professional.