Public Health Guides
Global Frameworks
Declarations, goals and agreements that guide health systems.
Alma-Ata Declaration 1978: Primary Health Care for All Explained
The 1978 Alma-Ata Declaration called for 'Health for All by the Year 2000' through primary health care — essential, affordable, community-based services. The 2018 Astana Declaration renewed that commitment.
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 1986: Five Action Areas
The Ottawa Charter defined health promotion as enabling people to increase control over their health, and set out five action areas from healthy public policy to reorienting health services.
From MDGs to SDGs: How Global Health Goals Evolved (2000–2030)
The eight Millennium Development Goals (2000–2015) included three health goals. They were replaced by 17 Sustainable Development Goals in 2015, with SDG 3 covering health and well-being for all at all ages by 2030.
Universal Health Coverage (UHC): Meaning, Dimensions and Nepal's Progress
Universal health coverage means everyone can use the quality health services they need without financial hardship. It is measured by service coverage and by the share of people facing catastrophic health spending.
International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) and Global Health Security
The International Health Regulations (2005) are a legally binding agreement among 196 States Parties to detect, report and respond to public health risks that can cross borders, including declaring a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).
Educational content by PHC-Nepal. It does not replace professional medical advice. Figures are drawn from the cited organisations and may be updated over time.